Choline Salts and Esters (E1001): What It Is and Is It Safe?
Choline salts and esters, for example choline chloride and choline bitartrate, supply choline, an essential nutrient central to cell-membrane and neurotransmitter synthesis. The E1001 listing reflects an emulsifying role, but choline is chiefly added as a nutrient, notably in infant formula, and is well tolerated at normal intakes. Very high supplemental doses can cause gastrointestinal upset or a fishy body odour, effects not expected from food-additive use.
- Category
- Emulsifier — Essential nutrient
- Typically used in
- Emulsifier; nutrient source, for example in infant formula.
- Regulatory status
- Not authorised as a general food additive in the EU/UK; choline itself is a permitted essential nutrient.
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